What are ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that can form on or inside the ovaries. They are very common and often occur as a natural part of the menstrual cycle. In many cases, they go away on their own without treatment and cause no symptoms.
However, some cysts may grow larger or cause discomfort. When this happens, you may experience various symptoms in the lower abdomen. Symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, and some people only discover the cyst during a gynecological exam or an ultrasound.
That’s why it’s a good idea to be familiar with the most common signs. That way, you can act quickly and see a doctor if something feels different than usual.
1. Pain on one side of the lower abdomen
One of the most common signs of an ovarian cyst is pain on one side of the lower abdomen. The pain may feel like a dull ache or a sharp sting and can vary in intensity.
Some people experience pain that comes and goes, while others have more constant soreness. The pain may also become more noticeable during physical activity or during menstruation.
If you repeatedly experience pain on the same side of your lower abdomen, it may be a good idea to have it checked out. A doctor can often determine the cause through a gynecological exam or an ultrasound.
2. Bloating or a feeling of pressure in the stomach
A cyst can also cause a feeling of bloating or pressure in the abdomen. It may feel as though your stomach is tight or swollen, even if you haven’t eaten more than usual.
This sensation often occurs if the cyst grows larger and begins to press on surrounding organs. Some people describe it as a constant feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
When the bloating doesn't go away
Many people experience bloating from time to time, and it’s usually perfectly normal. But if the bloating lasts for several weeks or keeps coming back without a clear cause, it may be worth talking to a doctor.
A medical examination can help determine whether the discomfort is caused by a cyst or another condition.
3. Pain during intercourse
Pain during intercourse can also be a sign of ovarian cysts. This is often because the cyst is being pressed on or shifts during intercourse.
The pain may be felt deep in the lower abdomen and can range from mild to more intense. Some people also experience tenderness after intercourse.
If pain during intercourse becomes a recurring problem, it should be investigated further. A doctor can help identify the cause and determine whether a cyst might be the reason.
4. Irregular periods
In some cases, a cyst can affect your hormone balance. This can lead to changes in your menstrual cycle.
For example, you may find that your periods become irregular, heavier, or more painful than usual. Some women also experience spotting between periods.
When your cycle changes
Many women experience minor fluctuations in their menstrual cycle throughout their lives. However, if the changes occur suddenly or persist for several months, it may be a good idea to have it checked out.
A doctor can help determine the cause and ensure that there isn’t a cyst or another condition underlying the problem.
5. Frequent urination
If a cyst grows larger, it may start to press on the bladder. This can cause you to feel the need to urinate more often than usual.
Some people also feel as though their bladder isn’t completely empty. This can be bothersome in daily life, especially if it affects your sleep or daily activities.
If you experience frequent urination without any signs of a urinary tract infection, it may be advisable to have your lower abdomen examined more closely.
6. Nausea or stomach discomfort
Some women experience nausea or general abdominal discomfort when they have an ovarian cyst. This can resemble stomach problems and therefore be difficult to associate with the lower abdomen.
Nausea may come and go and is sometimes accompanied by bloating or abdominal pressure. In rare cases, a cyst may twist on its own axis, which can cause sudden, severe pain as well as nausea.
If you experience persistent nausea along with lower abdominal pain, you should see a doctor to have it checked out.
7. Sudden, severe pain in the lower abdomen
In some cases, a cyst may rupture or twist. This can cause sudden and severe pain in the lower abdomen.
The pain can come on suddenly and may be accompanied by nausea, dizziness, or a general feeling of being unwell. It may feel like a sharp or intense pain that is unlike ordinary menstrual cramps.
When you should act quickly
If you experience sudden, severe pain in your lower abdomen, you should contact a doctor immediately. A prompt evaluation may be necessary to ensure that no complications have arisen.
Fortunately, serious cases are rare, but it is important to have the symptoms evaluated.
When should you see a gynecologist?
Many ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own. However, it may be a good idea to seek medical advice if you experience persistent symptoms in your lower abdomen.
You should be especially vigilant if you experience pain that worsens, if your menstrual cycle changes significantly, or if you feel persistent bloating in your abdomen.
At Lægerne Danmark, you can get examined quickly and have your symptoms assessed. This can put your mind at ease and ensure that you receive the right care if needed.