What are white blood cells?
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are an essential part of our immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and float around the bloodstream, constantly on the hunt for bacteria, viruses and other harmful organisms. When the body is exposed to an infection, the white blood cell count will often rise as the body tries to fight off attacking microorganisms.
There are several types of white blood cells and they have different functions. Neutrophils are the most common and respond quickly to infections. Lymphocytes play an important role in the production of antibodies, while monocytes, eosinophils and basophils each help break down bacteria, fight parasites and regulate inflammatory processes.
Why are white blood cells important?
White blood cells act as the body's defense mechanism. They recognize and attack foreign organisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. When an infection occurs, the body sends signals to the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells so the immune system can fight the infection effectively.
If the body doesn't produce enough white blood cells, it can lead to a weakened immune system, making you more vulnerable to disease. Conversely, a high white blood cell count can indicate that the body is trying to fight an infection or inflammatory condition.
When should you get your white blood cell count measured?
A blood test that measures your white blood cell count can provide important insights into your overall health. Doctors may recommend a blood test if you experience symptoms such as persistent fever, unexplained bruising, fatigue or frequent infections.
The results can reveal whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. Both can be signs of underlying diseases such as infections, autoimmune disorders or blood disorders like leukemia. That's why it's important to get a thorough examination if you suspect something is wrong.
What does an elevated white blood cell count mean?
An elevated white blood cell count is called leukocytosis and can be caused by several different things. Infections are one of the most common causes. When the body detects bacteria or viruses, the bone marrow increases white blood cell production to fight the infection.
But leukocytosis can also be a sign of other conditions. Stress, inflammation and certain types of cancer can also cause an increase in white blood cell count. Medications such as corticosteroids can also affect the level of white blood cells in the blood.
If the blood test shows an elevated count, the doctor will typically investigate the cause further with additional tests. A bone marrow sample or a more detailed blood test may be needed to identify the exact cause.
Read more about leukocytosis on Sundhed.dk.
What does a low white blood cell count mean?
A low white blood cell count is called leukopenia and can be just as serious as an elevated count. Leukopenia can occur as a result of viral infections that inhibit the bone marrow's production of white blood cells.
Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can also reduce the number of white blood cells as the body mistakenly attacks its own cells. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can also have a negative effect on the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells.
If you have a low white blood cell count, you will be more vulnerable to infections. Therefore, your doctor may recommend more frequent blood tests to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment if necessary.
Symptoms of white blood cell imbalance
The symptoms of white blood cell imbalance vary depending on whether the count is too high or too low. With an elevated count, you may experience fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue and weight loss. These symptoms can also be signs of an underlying infection or inflammatory disease.
At low counts, symptoms can include frequent infections, weakness, slow-healing wounds and unexplained bruising. It's important to be aware of these symptoms and contact your doctor if you experience them over a long period of time.
Treatment of imbalance
Treatment depends on the cause of the imbalance. If the cause is an infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics or antiviral drugs. For autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive medications can be used.
If chemotherapy or radiation therapy has reduced the white blood cell count, the doctor may choose to adjust the treatment or prescribe medication that stimulates the bone marrow's production of blood cells. In severe cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary.
How can you strengthen your immune system yourself?
While it can be difficult to control your white blood cell count, you can do a lot to boost your immune system. A healthy and varied diet rich in vitamins and minerals can help keep blood cells in balance.
Make sure you get enough sleep as the body uses sleep to repair and regenerate cells. Regular exercise can also strengthen the immune system and help the body fight infections.
It's also a good idea to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as both can damage the bone marrow and reduce white blood cell production.
When should you contact your doctor?
If you experience symptoms such as persistent fever, unexplained fatigue, bruising or frequent infections, you should contact your doctor. A simple blood test can tell you if your white blood cells are within the normal range.
At Doctors Denmark you can get quick access to blood tests and specialized medical consultations. Our experienced doctors will help you understand your health and advise you on the right treatment if there are signs of blood cell imbalance.