What is slapped cheek syndrome?
Fifth disease is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It is very contagious and spreads through droplets from coughs and sneezes. The name “fifth disease” comes from the characteristic red rash on the cheeks, which looks like a slap.
The infection is most common in children between 5 and 15 years old, but adults can also become infected - especially if they have not had the disease as children. The disease is usually mild but can cause discomfort, especially in pregnant women or people with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms of fifth disease
The first symptoms often resemble a mild flu. You may experience:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle and joint pain
Rashes on face and body
After a few days, the characteristic red rash appears - first on the cheeks, and later as a slightly itchy rash on the arms, legs, and body. In adults, the rash may be less obvious but is often accompanied by joint pain.
The symptoms typically last 1-3 weeks and usually resolve on their own.
How is slapped cheek syndrome spread?
Parvovirus B19 is transmitted through small droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. You can also become infected through close contact - for example, by sharing drinking glasses or cutlery.
The disease is most contagious before the rash appears – when you might think it's “just” a common cold. Once the rash has appeared, the risk of infection is minimal.
When should you contact the doctor?
In most cases, slapped cheek syndrome is a mild illness that does not require treatment. But you should contact us if:
- You are pregnant and have been in contact with an infected person
- You have a weakened immune system
- You experience persistent joint pain or high fever
We can help you with an assessment and possible blood test to see if you have had the disease before or have been infected.
Fifth disease and pregnancy
If you are pregnant and have not previously had slapped cheek syndrome, an infection in the first half of pregnancy can, in rare cases, lead to complications. This particularly applies to the risk to the foetus's development.
Therefore, it is important that you contact us if you are pregnant and have been exposed to infection. We can take a blood sample and assess the need for follow-up.
How is fifth disease treated?
There is no specific treatment for the virus itself – the body will clear it on its own. Therefore, treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms:
- Rest and relaxation
- Fever-reducing medicine
- Plenty of fluids
For joint pain in adults, painkillers may be necessary. If you experience severe symptoms or have other medical conditions, we can help with an individual assessment.
Prevention and infection control
There is no vaccine against slapped cheek syndrome, but good hygiene reduces the risk of infection:
- Wash your hands often
- Avoid close contact with sick people
- Avoid sharing cups and cutlery
If your child gets slapped cheek syndrome, they do not necessarily need to stay home from school unless they have a fever or feel unwell. Once the rash has appeared, the child is usually no longer contagious.
When are you immune?
Most people only get slapped cheek syndrome once in their lives. Once you have had the disease, your body creates antibodies and you become immune.
If you are unsure whether you have had slapped cheek syndrome before – for example, in connection with pregnancy – we can take a blood test and give you clarity.