Genital warts
Genital warts are small, harmless and often painless warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They occur on the genitals, crotch or around the anus and appear as small nodules or cauliflower-like growths.
Causes of genital warts
Genital warts are primarily caused by HPV and there are specific factors and circumstances that can increase the risk of transmission and development of genital warts. Below is more detailed information on the causes.
HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus and it is a group of viruses that contains over 100 different types. While only a limited number of these are responsible for the development of genital warts, it's important to understand that not everyone infected with HPV will develop the warts. The specific strains of HPV that cause genital warts are primarily types 6 and 11. These types are not the ones most commonly associated with the development of cancer.
HPV is mainly transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, most commonly through sexual contact. This includes vaginal, anal and oral sex, as well as sharing sex toys. It is also possible to transmit the virus even if the person shows no visible symptoms or warts. Therefore, protected sex - the use of condoms and dental dams - is important to minimize the risk of transmission, although it doesn't guarantee complete protection.
Certain factors can increase the risk of developing genital warts after exposure to HPV. These include a weakened immune system, which can occur due to diseases such as HIV or medical treatments that suppress the immune system. In addition, early sexual debut and a history of multiple sexual partners can also increase risk. Being a smoker or other tobacco user is also a known risk factor, as it can weaken the immune system and make the body more susceptible to HPV infection.
Understanding these causes and risk factors is essential for the prevention and treatment of genital warts. If you have more questions or concerns, we encourage you to book an appointment with a doctor for professional advice and guidance.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Genital warts develop as a result of infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Here you'll get an in-depth understanding of the symptoms of genital warts and how they are diagnosed.
The nature of symptoms
Many individuals with HPV experience no symptoms and are therefore unaware that they are carriers of the virus. For those individuals where symptoms manifest as genital warts, these warts can vary in size and appearance - ranging from small, flat lesions to larger, cauliflower-like growths. Symptoms that can indicate the presence of genital warts include itching, discomfort, pain, and in some cases, bleeding in the affected area, especially during intercourse.
Visualization and Diagnostics
A visual examination is often sufficient for a healthcare provider to diagnose genital warts. The doctor may apply a weak acetic acid solution to the area, which causes genital warts to become whiter and thus easier to identify. In some cases, additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis, such as a biopsy or a Pap smear test (a sample from the cervix) for women.
Asymptomatic carriers
As many HPV carriers are asymptomatic, regular check-ups and screenings are essential to identify and manage any infection early. Women should undergo regular Pap smear tests as these can identify cell changes that can lead to cervical cancer. Men, especially those who are sexually active with other men or HIV-positive, should also consider regular screenings for HPV and genital warts.
Early Intervention and Consultation
If you are experiencing symptoms that may indicate genital warts or if you think you may have been exposed to HPV, it is strongly recommended that you seek advice and diagnosis from a healthcare provider. Early detection and treatment is key to effectively managing and treating both HPV and genital warts, and your doctor can give you the best advice and most appropriate treatment plan based on your specific symptoms and health history.
Treatment of Genital Warts
Genital warts can be treated in different ways depending on their size, number and location. Here are some common treatment options explained:
Topical Creams
- Your doctor may prescribe creams that are applied directly to the warts.
- These creams can either destroy the warts or boost the body's immune response to fight the virus.
- Application should follow the doctor's instructions carefully to minimize the risk of skin irritation.
Freezing (Cryotherapy)
- The doctor uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and thus destroy the warts.
- The procedure can be uncomfortable and may require multiple treatments.
Surgical removal
- The warts can be removed surgically, which is often done under local anesthesia.
- This method is typically used for larger or more stubborn warts.
Laser treatment
- A laser is used to burn and remove the warts.
- This is particularly effective for warts that are deeper or harder to reach with other methods.
Prevention of Genital Warts
Prevention is the key to protecting yourself from genital warts and HPV infections:
- HPV vaccination:
- Vaccination against HPV is strongly recommended, especially for young people before sexual debut.
- The vaccine protects against the most common HPV types that cause genital warts and certain cancers.
- Use of condoms:
- Using condoms during sex reduces the risk of transmission of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
- Keep in mind that condoms do not offer 100% protection as HPV can be transmitted through all types of skin contact.
- Regular screening:
- Regular health checks and screenings for HPV and genital warts can help with early detection and treatment.
By following these steps for treatment and prevention, you can actively manage and protect yourself against genital warts and HPV. Contact your healthcare provider for further advice and information specifically tailored to your situation and health history.
Time for action
Do you have questions or suspect you have genital warts? Book an appointment with one of our experienced doctors here on the platform and get the help and advice you need in a safe and professional environment. We are here to support you through every step of the road to recovery.
Frequently asked questions about genital warts
Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activities. This includes vaginal, anal and oral sex. You can become infected with HPV and develop genital warts even through contact with someone who shows no visible signs of infection.
No, genital warts are different from the warts that occur on other parts of the body. Although both types of warts are caused by HPV, there are many strains of this virus and different types affect different areas of the body. Genital warts are specifically caused by HPV types 6 and 11.
Although the HPV virus cannot be cured, genital warts can be treated and often removed. Treatments include creams, freezing, surgery and laser. Some genital warts disappear without treatment over time; however, you should still seek advice and recommendations from a healthcare provider.